THE RESULTS OF PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF INTERNAL ORGANS OF RATS, LONG RECEIVING OF A TOTAL ECDYSTEROID PREPARATION RECEIVED FROM AJUGA TURKESTANICA
UDC 615.322:616.017
THE RESULTS OF PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH
OF INTERNAL ORGANS OF RATS, LONG RECEIVING OF A TOTAL
ECDYSTEROID PREPARATION RECEIVED FROM AJUGA TURKESTANICA
G.A. Shakhmurova, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor,
Head of the department of “Methodology of teaching biology”
Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami
(100185, Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Chilanzar district, Bunyodkor avenue, house 27)
E-mail: Shahmurova3@mail.com
Abstract. The pathomorphological experiment of the internal organs of rats, long-received of a total ecdysteroid preparation TEP-3 (total ecdysteroid drug-3) showed that introduction of the therapeutic and intermediate doses don’t exert as a toxic effect to the organism of experimental animals. It was revealed that the changes at the administration of the maximum dose were reduced to moderate dystrophy of the parenchymal organs that occurred against the background of mild hemodynamic disorders associated with increased permeability of membranes, and the absence of necrosis indicates their relatively not heavy, reversible character.
Keywords: pathomorphological researches, internal organs, total ecdysteroid preparation, Ajuga turkestanica, rats.
We conducted the pathomorphological researches on internal organs of rat by using of total ecdysteroid preparation (TEP-3); it showed the most pronounced activity in practically all our previous experiments, both immunological and pharmacological processes.
The total ecdysteroid preparation (TEP-3) was used in the work, which isolated from plant raw materials by the scientific researches of the chemistry laboratory of glycosides of the Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances named after academic S.Yu. Yunusov. The total ecdysteroid preparation (TEP-3) was received from Ajuga turkestanica. There are ecdysterone, turcesteron, cysterone and others in the composition (B.Z. Usmanov et al., 1975).
The experiment was carried out on white out bred rats, weight of the rat is 150-190 g, and 4 groups of animals (10 rats for each) were presented in a chronic experiment. The test substance was entered by orally for 3 months at doses of 5 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. The control group of rats received a solvent (distilled water) in the same volume as the test substance. At the end of the experiment, the animals were decapitated. Internal organs were inspected by visually, their absolute and relative mass were determined. Further, the material was fixed in 10 % neutral formalin and prepared in the cryostat the liver slices were painted (stained) with sudan for identifying neutral lipids [2].
The animals were received from the nursery of the sanitary-epidemiological station of the medical-sanitary association belongs to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The animals were kept on a standard ration of the vivarium.
The special differences between groups weren’t revealed on the external examination. At autopsy in rats, receiving a minimal and intermediate dose, the condition of the internal organs externally didn’t differ from control. When we introduced the maximum dose by visually, the liver and kidneys were dark with some cyanotic tinge, slightly it was enlarged. We defined the extensive fresh blood effusions in the lung. The gonads were reduced; the adrenal glands in the contrary are a few larger than in the control. The organs of the gastro intestinal tract are without peculiarities. Under opening of the skull in a part of the rats we observed an increasing of the place of gland and its full blood.
By weighing the organs, there was a tendency to increase the mass of the liver, kidneys and the lung in the group, receiving the maximum dose.
In histological researches in animals as an experimental, so and control groups, the vessels were characterized by moderate blood filling. The neurons of the cortical and sub cortical parts, as well as the Purkinje cells had a clear structure with an insignificant variability of tinctorial properties, as a reflection of the heterogeneity of their functional condition. The phenomenon of neuronophagy was found rarely, mainly in rats, receiving the maximum dose. In the same groups of rats, it was observed more often dystrophic altered neurons and signs of hemodynamic changes in the form of per vascular, less per cellular edema in the pituitary gland. Colloid edema was found often combining with the phenomena of discomplexation in the same group of rats. The formation of individual cells of large basophiles in the middle and anterior parts of the adenohypophysis was also noted.
The lung in most rats, independently from introduction of the preparation, the alveoli was characterized by airiness and open-worked figure. In the parts of the rat there was a small hearth of partial atelectasis, locating primary subpleural. In 1-2 of rats from each group, independently from the introduction of preparation, hotbed bronchopneumonia was observed. Vascular network wasn’t equal of blood filling with hotbed of vascular injection. In rats, receiving the maximum dose in this background diapedotic blood outpouring (hemorrhages) in a fresh character, indicating the resistance of the vascular wall to decrease was detected. Lymphoid-histocitar infiltrates around individual bronchioles and small vessels were encountered in the experimental groups some more often than in the control.
Liver: beam structure of the organ is preserved. In rats, receiving a minimal and medium dose, hepatocytes are with a clear structure of core and a uniform on the chromatin distribution. By giving the maximum dose the structure of the hepatocytes was some blurred. Cells are swollen, chromatins condense into clumps. The granularity is found in the cytoplasm. In some places there is an increase in the reaction of Kupffer cells (proliferation, swelling). Vessels are uneven with blood filling. Under painting with a sudan, neutral lipids weren’t detected.
Spleen by introducing the maximum dose, hypoplasia of lymphoid tissue, increasing of hemosiderosis in the pulp of the organ was noted. In the remaining rats, there were no significant differences in comparison with the control.
Kidneys: in animals of the experimental groups, receiving the preparation in the maximum dose, the clews are dense; the capillaries are rather spasmodic. Capsule leaflets of Shumlyanskiy are slightly enlarged. The epithelium of the convoluted tubules is swollen with indistinct contours. Epithelium of collected tubes and direct tubules are without properties. Channel of luminescence is free. The vascular network is injected with blood, especially in the juxtomedular region. The kidney structure corresponded to control in other rats.
Heart: The myofibrils retained the longitudinal and transverse striation in the experiment and control in many rats; they were compactly arranged, uniformly stained. In isolated cases, receiving the maximum dose of the preparation by rats we observed the process of a fullness of capillaries and larger vessels, accompanied by a moderate edema of the stroma. The muscle fibers looked swollen in these areas and so transverse striation was not detected.
Stomach: The mucous is high without introduced dose in all rats, the glands are well structured. Gastric fossae, receiving an intermediate and maximum dose in rats are some expanded and filled with a secret. The covering epithelium is preserved. In its own layer, vessels are uneven by filling with focus of diffuse infiltration, 12 – perforated and proximal parts of the thin intestine in the main mass of rats is located with a clear pattern of villus. In separate individuals, receiving the maximum dose of the preparation, villous were thickened, edematous with infiltration of the stroma and increased of desquamation of the epithelium. In this position the brush border was often absent. Pathological changes were absent in the distal parts of the thin, as well as in the large intestine. Mucous preserved the usual structure. The muscle wall was spasmodic by giving of the maximum dose. The goblet-shaped cells were dark and moderately expanded. Lymphoid tissue of Peyer's plaques is described with signs of hypoplasia.
Adrenal glands: the zonal structure of the organ is well expressed in rats of all groups. Under the therapeutic dose, the structure of the organ didn’t differ from the control. In separate rats, receiving an intermediate dose and most rats, receiving the maximum dose it was noted hypertrophy of the cortical layer of manifested in the diffuse hyperplasia. Carious was noted in single cells. Vessels of the cortical parts were characterized by moderate blood filling. The sinuses of the cerebral part of the rats with the maximum dose were expanded and filled with blood. Follicles of all stages of development were found in the gonads.
Thus, the conducted pathomorphological researches gave the essential conclusion on the internal organs of rats by long-term received of TEP-3, which the therapeutic and intermediate doses don’t influence as a toxic effect to the organism of experimental animals. Changes by giving of the maximum dose were resumed to moderate dystrophy of parenchymatous organs, flowing on the background of lung hemodynamic disorders which occurred against a background of light hemodynamic disorders, related with increased permeability of membranes (puffiness, diffuse hemorrhages). In this case, the absence of necrosis indicates to them relatively not heavy, reversible nature. A number of changes found in endocrine organs are due to the physiological activity of the preparation and repeatedly exceeding therapeutic process under long-term introduction of doses is predominantly observed.
REFERENCES
- Усманов, Б.З. Фитоэкдистероиды Ajuga turkestanica. III. Строение туркестерона / Б.З. Усманов // Химия природных соединений. – 1975. – № 4. – С. 466–470.
- Фисенко, В.П. Руководство по экспериментальному (доклиническому) изучению новых фармакологических веществ / В.П. Фисенко. – Москва, 2000. – 398 с.
REFERENCES
1. Usmanov B.Z. Fitoekdisteroidy Ajuga turkestanica. III. Stroenie turkesterona [Phytoecdysteroids Ajuga turkestanica. III. Structure of Turkesteron]. B.Z. Usmanov. Himiya prirodnyh soedinenij. 1975. No. 4. pp. 466–470.
2. Fisenko V.P. Rukovodstvo po eksperimental'nomu (doklinicheskomu) izucheniyu novyh farmakologicheskih veshchestv [Guidelines for the experimental (preclinical) study of new pharmacological substances]. V.P. Fisenko. Moscow, 2000. 398 p.
Материал поступил в редакцию 07.06.26.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ВНУТРЕННИХ
ОРГАНОВ КРЫС, ДЛИТЕЛЬНО ПОЛУЧАВШИХ СУММАРНЫЙ ЭКДИСТЕРОИДНЫЙ ПРЕПАРАТ, ПОЛУЧЕННЫЙ ИЗ AJUGA TURKESTANICA
Г.А. Шахмурова, доктор биологических наук, профессор,
заведующая кафедрой «Методика преподавания биологии»
Ташкентский государственный педагогический университет им. Низами
(100185, Узбекистан, г. Ташкент, Чиланзарский район, проспект Бунёдкор, дом 27)
E-mail: Shahmurova3@mail.com
Аннотация. Проведённый патоморфологический эксперимент на внутренних органах крыс, получавших СЭП-3 (суммарный экдистероидный препарат-3) показал, что введение терапевтической и промежуточной дозы не оказывает токсического воздействия на организм экспериментальных животных. Выявлено, что изменения при введении максимальной дозы сводились к умеренной дистрофии паренхиматозных органов, протекавших на фоне лёгких гемодинамических расстройств, связанных с повышенной проницаемостью мембран, а отсутствие некрозов указывает на их относительно не тяжёлый, обратимый характер.
Ключевые слова: патоморфологические исследования, внутренние органы, суммарный экдистероидный препарат, Ajuga turkestanica, крысы.