RESTORATION OF PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STATUS AND MOTOR PROPERTIES OF CHILDREN AGED 7-10 WITH THE HELP OF RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS
UDC 612.017.2:613.84
RESTORATION OF PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STATUS AND MOTOR PROPERTIES
OF CHILDREN AGED 7-10 WITH THE HELP OF RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS
S.A. Golovanov, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences,
Senior Lecturer of the Department of Physical Education, Physiology and Medical and Biological Disciplines
Lipetsk State Pedagogical University named after P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky
(398020, Russia, Lipetsk, Lenin St., 42/2)
E-mail: golovanov.77780@mail.ru
Abstract. The main changes in the development of motor skills of schoolchildren aged 7-10 years, as well as deviations in such indicators as vital capacity of the lungs, heart rate, blood pressure were revealed. Deviations of a psychological nature were also revealed – unstable attention, memory loss, impaired perception, difficulty in the communicative and emotional spheres. A decrease in attendance at school was noted. As a result of rhythmic gymnastics classes, almost all the studied indicators improved significantly.
Keywords: motor activity, rhythmic gymnastics, deviations in health, blood pressure, physical inactivity.
Relevance. Recent studies show that modern children experience hypodynamia. This is also facilitated by increased educational requirements. In this regard, we note that primary school age is one of the important stages in the development of higher mental functions, and the inherent psychophysiological potential determines its adaptation to further school activities and the further development of the body and personality as a whole. Consequently, studying the possibilities of correcting hypodynamia is relevant, which determined the objective of this study – to find out the possibilities of correcting the health of schoolchildren with the help of rhythmic gymnastics.
Materials and methods of the study. The objects of the study were 340 primary school students (aged 7 to 10 years) studying in comprehensive schools. The subjects of the study were the motor skills of the students: stiffness of movements, coordination of movements, fine motor skills and visual-motor coordination, as well as physiometric indicators: vital capacity (VC), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP). We also studied the stability of attention, communication properties, degree of perception and emotional state. All testing was carried out using standardized methods [12]. This means that both instrumental methods and questionnaire methods were used in the work. The rhythmic gymnastics program developed by us and based on age characteristics improves the process of physical education and has a positive effect on the health and improvement of physical fitness indicators of the subjects [1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10]. Performing movements in a flow manner with a large number of repetitions makes it possible to combine the advantages of cyclic sports with their aerobic capabilities with the accessibility and emotionality of gymnastic exercises. Such exercises affect all life support systems of the body, and as practice shows, are accessible even to 3-year-old children, and children aged 7-10 are able to clearly, efficiently, beautifully perform movements, change their character in accordance with the regime and tempo of the music. Extracurricular, additional training sessions were conducted only with volunteers at the Tanita fitness centers 3 times a week for 2 academic years. Each lesson lasted 60 minutes. Testing of the subjects' condition was carried out before the first lesson (baseline indicators) and at the end of the annual course of classes, i.e. control was carried out, including 4-time measurements over 2 years. All students were divided into 2 groups of 170 students: 1) control, not involved in rhythmic gymnastics. 2) main, involved in rhythmic gymnastics. It should be noted that in the conditions of the conducted pedagogical experiment, gender differences among the subjects were not taken into account. The obtained data were processed statistically [13]. The reliability (p) of the difference according to Student's t-criterion was automatically calculated. In addition, taking into account the fairly large samples, a correlation analysis was carried out. In this case, the numerical series by the number of values exceeded 211, which allowed them to be approximated to a normal distribution (Poisson) with an accuracy exceeding 0.95. Under these conditions, correlation coefficients in the range from 0.31 to 0.41 could be considered statistically significant.
Results of the study and their discussion. Analyzing the initial data of monitoring on children’s mastering of the physical education program, problems in development of motor skills were revealed: stiffness of movements, poor coordination, underdevelopment of fine motor skills and visual-motor coordination, incoordination of movements. Analysis of physiometric indicators revealed deviations in such indicators as vital capacity of the lungs (VC) – only 20 children (5.8%) had normal VC indicators, deviations from the norm of heart rate indicators revealed mild bradycardia in 28 children (8.2%) and mild tachycardia in 44 children (12.9%), arterial pressure indicators were reduced from 10 to 15 mm Hg from the norm in 108 schoolchildren (32%) cases. All noted deviations from the norm were reliable (from p<0.05 to p<0.01). In the initial period, unstable attention was revealed in 72 children (21.1%), memory impairment was found in 32 children (9.4%), impaired perception was found in 20 schoolchildren (5.8%), and communication difficulties were found in 24 children (7%). In addition, psychological testing revealed a deviation in the development of the emotional sphere in 128 children (37.6%). Naturally, many children had 2 or more health deviations, which could affect the quantitative indicators. As in previous cases, all registered deviations from the norm were significant (from p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). At the same time, a decrease in attendance at the educational institution was found. Thus, in 2018, from 17.7 days of absence on average per child in the control group to 19.4 days in 2019 (on average) were identified. All these indicators indicated an increase in the number of deviations in the physical and mental development of children, which reduced the adaptive capabilities of the schoolchildren's body and further aggravated the decline in their health. Other data characterized changes in the health status of the main group. Thus, the physiometric indicators of schoolchildren improved by 50-80 percent (p < 0.05), compared with the initial period, and compared with the control, the changes differed by 150-250 percent (p < 0.01). Calculation of the correlation coefficients (r) of the indicators with rhythmic gymnastics classes led to results in the range of 0.35-0.5, which indicated high significance with a correlation of medium strength. Diagnostics of behavioral reactions of schoolchildren who attended rhythmic gymnastics classes revealed significant improvements not only in well-being (SAN test and Hamilton test), but also a significant improvement in motor skills of students – movement constraints, movement coordination, fine motor skills and visual-motor coordination. These indicators improved by 65-88 percent compared to the initial period (p<0.05), and compared to the control, the changes differed by 175-300 percent (p<0.01). Calculation of correlation coefficients (r) of indicators in children of the main group led to results in the range of 0.41-0.53, which indicated a high significance of changes with a correlation of medium strength. It seems appropriate to interpret the obtained data within the framework of the stress and adaptation theory. In this regard, physical inactivity and other biological, social and environmental factors can be considered stressors, often leading to “diseases of civilization,” or deviations in the health of not only the youth who took part in our pedagogical experiments, but also the older generation. Naturally, the fight against stressful conditions is carried out on a global scale. It is important that the data obtained complement our systematic studies conducted earlier [3, 2, 7, 11].
Conclusion. It should be noted that rhythmic gymnastics classes easily fit into the integration of other types of activities, such as psychogymnastics or logorhythmics. Consequently, the rhythmic gymnastics program can be considered an integrative, mixed program. Thus, one of the ways out of the crisis situation caused by hypodynamia is the development of innovative approaches to physical education of primary school children; rhythmic gymnastics classes will contribute to increasing the adaptive potential of primary school children.
REFERENCES
1. Golovanov, S.A., Anokhina, N.D., Rasulov, M.M. Correction of muscle activity in men under strength loads // Theory and Practice of Physical Culture. – 2010. – No. 8. – Pp. 66-69.
2. Golovanov, S.A. Application of fitness elements to correct the health of men with diabetes and arterial hypertension / Golovanov S.A., Kulkova I.V., Rasulov M.M. // Electronic scientific and educational bulletin "Health and education in the 21st century". – 2018. – Vol. 20. – No. 4. – Pp. 4-8.
3. Golovanov, S.A., Arkhipov, R.N., Rasulov, M.M., Anokhina, N.D. The role of physical activity in the prevention and correction of cardiovascular diseases // Bulletin of Moscow State Regional University. – 2013. – No. 4. – Pp. 4-7.
4. Golovanov, S.A. Comprehensive correction of men's health under aerobic physical activity. - Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Pedagogical Sciences) dissertation. – Moscow, 2016. – 22 p.
5. Golovanov, S.A. Correction of the health of women with obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus by fitness methods / Golovanov S.A., Kulkova M.V., Rasulov M.M. // Interdisciplinary scientific electronic journal "Matrix of Scientific Knowledge". – 2017. – No. 9. – Pp. 52-59.
6. Golovanov, S.A. Correction of women's health in case of diabetes mellitus in fitness conditions / Golovanov S.A. // Electronic scientific and educational bulletin "Health and education in the 21st century". – 2017. – No. 6. – Pp. 16-21.
7. Golovanov, S.A. Fitness correction of men's health with diabetes and arterial hypertension / Golovanov S.A., Kulkova I.V., Rasulov M.M. // East European scientific journal. – 2017. – No. 20. – Pp. 13-15.
8. Golovanov, S.A., Kulkova, I.V. Therapeutic and health-improving physical culture in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases // Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University. Series: Natural Sciences. – 2017. – No. 4. – Pp. 21-35.
9. Golovanov, S.A. Main features of health correction of men with diabetes during fitness classes / Golovanov S.A., Kulkova I.V., Rasulov M.M. // Monthly international scientific journal "United-Journal". – 2017. – No. 6. – Pp. 18-20.
10. Golovanov, S.A., Rasulov, M.M., Snisarenko, T.A. Comprehensive correction of the health of men with obesity and hypertension in conditions of aerobic physical activity // Bulletin of Moscow State Regional University. Series: Natural Sciences. – 2014. – No. 1. – Pp. 43-52.
11. Golovanov, S.A., Rasulov, M.M. The impact of fitness classes on physical development and hemodynamics in girls aged 10-12 years // collection of articles International scientific and practical conference. – Moscow, 2018. – Pp. 31-34.
12. Mantrova, I.N. Methodical guide to psychophysiological and psychological diagnostics. – Ivanovo, OOO "Neurosoft", 2007. – 216 p. www.neurosoft.ru.
13. Petri, A., Sabin, K. Visual medical statistics / Translated from English edited by V. P. Leonov; 2nd ed./ GEOTAR-Media. – M., 2009.
REFERENCES
1. Golovanov S.A., Anokhina N.D., Rasulov M.M. Correction of muscle activity in men under strength loads. Theory and Practice of Physical Culture. 2010. No. 8. Pp. 66-69.
2. Golovanov S.A. Application of fitness elements to correct the health of men with diabetes and arterial hypertension. Golovanov S.A., Kulkova I.V., Rasulov M.M. Electronic scientific and educational bulletin "Health and education in the 21st century". 2018. Vol. 20. No. 4. Pp. 4-8.
3. Golovanov S.A., Arkhipov R.N., Rasulov M.M., Anokhina N.D. The role of physical activity in the prevention and correction of cardiovascular diseases. Bulletin of Moscow State Regional University. 2013. No. 4. Pp. 4-7.
4. Golovanov S.A. Comprehensive correction of men's health under aerobic physical activity. Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Pedagogical Sciences) dissertation. Moscow, 2016. 22 p.
5. Golovanov S.A. Correction of the health of women with obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus by fitness methods. Golovanov S.A., Kulkova M.V., Rasulov M.M. Interdisciplinary scientific electronic journal "Matrix of Scientific Knowledge". 2017. No. 9. Pp. 52-59.
6. Golovanov S.A. Correction of women's health in case of diabetes mellitus in fitness conditions. Golovanov S.A. Electronic scientific and educational bulletin "Health and education in the 21st century". 2017. No. 6. Pp. 16-21.
7. Golovanov S.A. Fitness correction of men's health with diabetes and arterial hypertension. Golovanov S.A., Kulkova I.V., Rasulov M.M. East European scientific journal. 2017. No. 20. Pp. 13-15.
8. Golovanov S.A., Kulkova I.V. Therapeutic and health-improving physical culture in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University. Series: Natural Sciences. 2017. No. 4. Pp. 21-35.
9. Golovanov S.A. Main features of health correction of men with diabetes during fitness classes. Golovanov S.A., Kulkova I.V., Rasulov M.M. Monthly international scientific journal "United-Journal". 2017. No. 6. Pp. 18-20.
10. Golovanov S.A., Rasulov M.M., Snisarenko T.A. Comprehensive correction of the health of men with obesity and hypertension in conditions of aerobic physical activity. Bulletin of Moscow State Regional University. Series: Natural Sciences. 2014. No. 1. Pp. 43-52.
11. Golovanov S.A., Rasulov M.M. The impact of fitness classes on physical development and hemodynamics in girls aged 10-12 years. Collection of articles International scientific and practical conference. Moscow, 2018. Pp. 31-34.
12. Mantrova I.N. Methodical guide to psychophysiological and psychological diagnostics. Ivanovo, OOO "Neurosoft", 2007. 216 p. www.neurosoft.ru.
13. Petri A., Sabin K. Visual medical statistics. Translated from English edited by V. P. Leonov; 2nd ed. GEOTAR-Media. M., 2009.
Материал поступил в редакцию 01.08.24
ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СТАТУСА
И ДВИГАТЕЛЬНЫХ СВОЙСТВ ДЕТЕЙ В ВОЗРАСТЕ 7-10 лет
С ПОМОЩЬЮ РИТМИЧЕСКОЙ ГИМНАСТИКИ
С.А. Голованов, кандидат педагогических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры физической культуры, физиологии и медико-биологических дисциплин
Липецкий государственный педагогический университет имени П.П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского
(398020, Россия, Липецк, ул. Ленина, 42/2)
E-mail: golovanov.77780@mail.ru
Аннотация. Выявлены основные изменения в развитии двигательных навыков школьников 7-10 лет, а также отклонения в таких показателях как жизненная емкость легких, частота сердечных сокращений, артериальное давление. Также выявлены отклонения психологического характера – неустойчивое внимание, снижение памяти, нарушение восприятия, затруднение в коммуникативной и эмоциональной сферах. Отмечено снижение посещаемости уроков в школе. В результате проведения занятий ритмической гимнастикой практически все исследуемые показатели существенно улучшились.
Ключевые слова: двигательная активность, ритмическая гимнастика, отклонения в состоянии здоровья, артериальное давление, гиподинамия.