DISEASE AND MICROBIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN THE ENT DEPARTMENT
UDC 616.21-002.828-078
DISEASE AND MICROBIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS
OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN THE ENT DEPARTMENT
Florea Natalia Petru
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Public Health, Microbiology and Immunology
State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemițanu”
(MD-2004, Moldova, Chişinău, bul. Ştefan chel Mare, 165)
E-mail: natalia.florea@usmf.md
Abu Ganem Ahmad Nagi
6 th year student, Medicine 2
State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemițanu”
(MD-2004, Moldova, Chişinău, bul. Ştefan chel Mare, 165)
E-mail: natalia.florea@usmf.md
Lozan-Tirshu Carolina Semyon
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor
Microbiologist, bacteriological laboratory of MIPH "Timofei Moșneaga" Republican Clinical Hospital
State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemițanu”
(MD-2004, Moldova, Chişinău, bul. Ştefan chel Mare, 165)
E-mail: natalia.florea@usmf.md
Zariciuc Elena Alexei
Doctor of Medical Sciences
Department of Public Health, Microbiology and Immunology
State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemițanu”
(MD-2004, Moldova, Chişinău, bul. Ştefan chel Mare, 165)
E-mail: natalia.florea@usmf.md
Abstract. The article describes the cases of mycotic infection in the ENT departments of MIPH Republican Clinical Hospital "Timofei Moșneaga" in the Chisinau city, Moldova. The data are collected from the register of laboratory investigations MIPH SCR "Timofei Moșneaga" Form No. 250/e for the years 2021, 2022, 2023. In 2021, 60 cases of mycoses (24.7%) from the total number of analyses. In 2022, 42 cases of mycoses (22.3%) from the total number of analyses. In 2023, 51 cases of mycoses (22.9%) from the total number of analyses. Of them, there were diagnosed pharyngomycosis - 45%, otomycosis - 36%, rhinomycosis - 12% and laryngomycosis - 7%. The ratio of female patients is 60%, and male patients - 40%. The microorganisms Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus prevailed.
Keywords: mycotic infection, fungus, ENT, ORL.
The wide distribution of fungi in nature, their constant presence both in the environment and in the body, makes the contact and infection of humans inevitable. Particularly alarming is the increase in the number of patients with mycoses of the ORL organs.
Currently, the problem of mycotic diseases is gaining remarkable social importance. The increase in the incidence of mycoses is associated with many factors, primarily with the active use of antibacterial, cytostatic, corticosteroid and other drugs with immunosuppressive properties in medical practice. This fact leads to an unquestionable increase not only in the incidence of candidiasis, but also in mycoses caused by filamentous fungi.
Aspergillus – highly aerobic species, and they can be found in almost all the oxygen-rich environments, where they usually grow as molds on the surface of the substrate as a result of high oxygen concentration. Representatives of the genus have the ability to grow wherever there is a high osmotic concentration, strong solutions of sugar, salt and is very resistant to environmental influences.
Some species of Aspergillus cause serious diseases in humans and animals. The most common pathogenic species exhibit Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, produce aflatoxins, which are both toxins and hepatocarcinosis. They may contaminate food such as nuts, seeds and grains, if it enters a low dose develops chronic aflatoxicosis characterized by suppression of the immune system, DNA damage, activation of oncogenes. The main example of this is Aspergillus niger – it can be found growing in wet walls.
For the period 2015-2019 the most common tendency is to isolate Aspergillus niger from ear canal aspirate [1].
In the Republic of Moldova, at the Republican Clinical Hospital, in addition to the traditional diagnostic methods, the rapid microbial identification method is also used with the help of the VITEK® 2 AST apparatus. The device also performs antibiotic sensitivity testing, increasing the efficiency of laboratory results through reduced human intervention and the possibility of rapid delivery of laboratory reports.
1. After isolation of the primary microorganism, minimal handling of a simple standardized inoculum is required.
2. Place the inoculum in the Smart Carrier Station VITEK® 2 ™ Box.
3. The VITEK® 2 card and sample are linked by a barcode.
4. Once the cassette is loaded, the instrument handles all subsequent incubation and reading steps.
5. Formulation of results.
The data are collected from the register of laboratory investigations MIPH SCR "Timofei Moșneaga" Form No. 250/e for the years 2021, 2022, 2023.
In 2021, 60 cases of mycoses were diagnosed (24.7%)
In 2022, 42 cases of mycoses were diagnosed (22.3%)
In 2023, 51 cases of mycoses were diagnosed (22.9 %), fig. (1).
Figure. 1. Dinamics of fungal diseases from the total number of analyzes
in the ENT department for the three years 2021, 2022, 2023.
Of them, there were pharyngomycosis – 45%, otomycosis – 36%, rhinomycosis – 12% and laryngomycosis –7%. The ratio of female patients is 60%, and male patients – 40%. The microorganisms Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus prevailed.
Conclusion
Analyzing the data for the last three years, we came to the conclusion that the following types of fungi prevail in the ENT department: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans. Pharyngomycoses prevail with 45% of the total number of mycotic diseases. The ratio of female patients is 60%, and male patients – 40%
REFERENCE
1. Florea N.P, Petkoglo O.N, Burdunyuk O.S, Ceban M.A, Behta E.G, Yunak D.Yu, Lozan-Tyrsu C.S. MICROBIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ASPERGILLUS SPP. BASED ON THE CENTRAL" SYNEVO" LABORATORY FROM CHISINAU DURING 2015-2019. ISSN 2409-563X. MEDICUS. 2021. No. 1 (37).
REFERENCE
1. Florea N.P, Petkoglo O.N, Burdunyuk O.S, Ceban M.A, Behta E.G, Yunak D.Yu, Lozan-Tyrsu C.S. MICROBIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ASPERGILLUS SPP. BASED ON THE CENTRAL" SYNEVO" LABORATORY FROM CHISINAU DURING 2015-2019. ISSN 2409-563X. MEDICUS. 2021. No. 1 (37).
Материал поступил в редакцию 29.12.23
ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ И МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА ГРИБКОВЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ В ЛОР-ОТДЕЛЕНИИ
Флоря Наталья Петру
доктор медицинских наук, доцент
кафедра общественного здравоохранения, микробиологии и иммунологии
ГMФУ им. «Николая Тестемицану»
(MD-2004, Молдова, г. Кишинев, бул. Штефана чел Маре, 165)
E-mail: natalia.florea@usmf.md
Абу Ганем Ахмад Наги
студент 6 курса, Медицина 2
ГMФУ им. «Н. Тестемицану»
(MD-2004, Молдова, г. Кишинев, бул. Штефана чел Маре, 165)
E-mail: natalia.florea@usmf.md
Лозан-Тыршу Каролина Семеновна
доктор медицинских наук, доцент
микробиолог, бактериологическая лаборатория ГМСУ РКБ «Тимофей Мошняга»
ГMФУ им. «Н. Тестемицану»
(MD-2004, Молдова, г. Кишинев, бул. Штефана чел Маре, 165)
E-mail: natalia.florea@usmf.md
Заричук Елена Алексеевна
доктор медицинских наук, доцент
кафедра общественного здравоохранения, микробиологии и иммунологии
ГMФУ им. «Н. Тестемицану»
(MD-2004, Молдова, г. Кишинев, бул. Штефана чел Маре, 165)
E-mail: natalia.florea@usmf.md
Аннотация. В статье описаны случаи грибковой инфекции в ЛОР отделениях Республиканской клинической больницы ГМСУ «Тимофей Мошняга» в городе Кишиневе, Молдова. Данные собраны из реестра лабораторных исследований МИПЗ СКР «Тимофей Мошняга» Форма № 250/э за 2021, 2022, 2023 годы. В 2021 году диагностировано 60 случаев микозов (24,7%). В 2022 году диагностировано 42 случая микозов (22,3%). В 2023 году диагностировано 51 случаев микозов (22.9%). Из них c фарингомикозом – 45%, отомикозом – 36%, риномикозом – 12% и ларингомикозом – 7%. Доля пациентов женского пола составляет 60%, а пациентов мужского пола – 40%. Преобладали микроорганизмы Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus.
Ключевые слова: грибковая инфекция, грибок, ЛОР.